Bubrezi iz krvi uzimaju višak vode i nepotrebne materije i pretvaraju ih u urin. Urin (mokraća) se zatim oslobađa iz organizma. Većina ljudi imaju 2 bubrega. Osoba može živjeti i biti zdrava i sa jednim bubregom.

Funkcije bubrega:

• oslobađaju višak vode i nepotrebne materije,
• prerađuju tečnost i hemijske materije koje su potrebne organizmu,
• kontrolišu krvni pritisak,
• kontrolišu tjelesne hormone koji stvaraju nove crvene krvne ćelije.
  

Otkazivanje rada bubrega se također zove renalna insuficijencija. Ako bubrezi prestanu vršiti svoju funkciju, višak tjelesne tečnosti i nepotrebne materije se ne mogu osloboditi iz organizma. Do toga može doći usljed bolesti ili oštećenja nastalog zbog povrede. Postoje 2 vrste otkazivanja rada bubrega: akutna i hronična.

Akutno otkazivanje rada bubrega

Akutno otkazivanje rada bubrega je iznenadni gubitak funkcije bubrega koji traje nekoliko sati ili dana. Uzroci mogu biti:

• ozbiljne upale (infekcije),
• ozbiljne opekotine,
• povreda ili smanjenje dotoka krvi u bubrege,
• nizak krvni pritisak,
• začepljenje urinarnog trakta,
• otkazivanje rada srca,
• hemijsko trovanje ili trovanje drogom.

Često se stanje sa bubrezima može poboljšati ako se uzrok problema pravovremeno otkrije i liječi.

Hronično otkazivanje rada bubrega

Do hroničnog otkazivanja rada bubrega dođe kada bubrezi polako izgube svoju funkciju. To je doživotno oboljenje koje se ne može poboljšati.

Uzroci mogu biti:

• oboljenja kao što su dijabetes, visok krvni pritisak i srčana oboljenja,
• bubrežni kamenac,
• začepljenje ili problemi sa urinarnim traktom,
• lupus - autoimuno oboljenje,
• skleroderma - bolest kože i vezivnog tkiva,
• hronične upale (infekcije),
• upotreba droge,
• otrovi.
  

U znakove hroničnog otkazivanja rada bubrega spadaju:

• oticanje šaka, lica ili stopala,
• promjene učestalosti mokrenja,
• osjećaj velike premorenosti ili iznemoglosti,
• glavobolja i zbunjenost,
• mučnina ili povraćanje,
• gubitak apetita,
• ubrzano disanje,
• svrab kože.

Hronično otkazivanje rada bubrega se ne može izliječiti, ali se može liječiti promjenom ishrane i lijekovima. Kada bubrezi izgube najveći dio svoje funkcije, što se zove zadnjom fazom renalne insuficijencije, nekoliko dana u sedmici se radi dijaliza bubrega. Transplantacija bubrega također može biti opcija za liječenje ove bolesti.

Izvor: www.healthinfotranslations.org

www.medicina.ba

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Komentari (59)

• |93.143.54.xxx |2010-07-14 22:03:31 a
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• |78.30.166.xxx |2011-12-27 09:14:11 mladen
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• |46.217.96.xxx |2013-01-23 14:47:10 emilija
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  Sta se desava i koliko traje tzv.terminalna faza bolesti kod otkazivanja rada bubrega,ako pacijent odbija dijalizu?

  Alen napisao:

  Postovani, mozete li mi, molim vas reci sta se moze dogoditi ukoliko moj otac, kojem jedan bubreg ne radi nikako, ne izvadi taj bubreg? Doktori su rekli da to mora uraditi no on to prolongira, strah ga je. Zanima me sta se moze dogoditi u tom slucaju? S obzirom da on nece otici na operaciju dok se nesto ne dogodi, dok ga ne zaboli ili nesto slicno, molim vas, recite mi kakve ucinke/posljedice moze imati neblagovremeno odstranjivanje bubrega? On ima 65 godina, a doktor mu je rekao da je taj bubreg "bomba u organizmu". Unaprijed hvala.
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